FOR LESSONS




The English language is known world wide
From all languages that were collide
English is known everywhere

It is great to use it anywhere

Using English by everyone
Speaking English is very fun
Don’t be shy and show your greatness
Use it when showing competitiveness

Speaking English is as good as gold
The language of English we need to uphold
It’s very fun when you to think of it
When you talk to your friends who also love it

When you go to any country
This is the language of everybody
Being pronounced in a different place
Different accents on different place

The English language is my proficiency
Never be shy and express it freely
Just be confident and you’ll be okay
Uphold English Proficiency and have a good day






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25 идиом, которые должен знать каждый.
1. When pigs fly — После дождичка в четверг
2. To eat one’s word — Брать свои слова обратно
3. Break a leg! — Ни пуха, ни пера!
4. The apple of one’s eye — Души не чаять в ком-то, беречь как зеницу ока
5. To feel it in one’s bones — Интуитивно чувствовать что-то
6. Against the clock — К установленному сроку
7. You scratch my back and I'll scratch yours — Быть в сговоре
8. Walk a mile in my shoes — Представь себя на моем месте
9. To cost an arm and a leg — Стоить очень дорого
10. To count chickens before they hatch — Рассчитывать на что-либо раньше времени
11. It’s raining cats and dogs — Льет как из ведра
12. Rat race — Бешеная погоня за успехом, деньгами
13. In a nutshell… — Если кратко, то…
14. The grass is always greener on the other side (of the fence) — Хорошо там, где нас нет
15. Quick and dirty — Дешево и сердито
16. Shake a leg! —Шевелись!
17. It is not my cup of tea — Мне это не нравится; это не мое
18. Curiosity killed the cat — Любопытной Варваре на базаре нос оторвали
19. To take the cake — Превзойти всех (в хорошем или плохом смысле)
20. A leopard cannot change its spots — Горбатого могила исправит
21. Blood, sweat, and tears — Напряжённая работа
22. Pushing the envelope — Быть новатором, предложить что-то новое
23. Save your breath — Cохрани силы (не спорь)
24. To know where the bodies are buried — Знать, где собака порылась
25. Miss the boat — Поезд ушел

Корисні фрази:
1. from zero to hero - из грязи в князи
2. It was quite a job - пришлось поработать
3. it's no go - безнадежное дело
4. It's no good - Ничего хорошего
5. It's not up to the mark - это не на должном уровне
6. let smb down - подводить
7. make a fortune - разбогатеть, сколотить состояние
8. make good выполнить успешно что-либо
9. make headway - добиться прогресса
10. make one's way - пробивать путь
11. make the grade - добиваться успеха
12. make use of - извлечь пользу
13. Next time lucky - в следующий раз повезет
14. get the worst of it - потерпеть неудачу
15. give way to - уступить, поддаться
16. get far - далеко зайти
17. go to waste - идти насмарку
18. go up in smoke - исчезнуть как дым
19. golden opportunity - блестящая возможность
20. good for nothing - ни на что не годный

Пообіцяйте, що вивчите ці кумедні ідіоми! 😁
► everything but the kitchen sink — все, що лише можна уявити
► to have Van Gogh’s ear for music — ведмідь на вухо наступив, повна відсутність музичного слуху
► the lights are on, but nobody’s home — клепки в голові немає
► to have a cast iron stomach — мати міцний шлунок; їсти все, що заманеться, і добре почуватися
► blue in the face — втомитися, робити щось до посиніння
► finger-licking good — дуже смачно, пальчики оближеш
► to pig out — наїстися, натоптатися, обжертися
► when pigs fly — коли рак за горою свисне
► use your loaf — думай головою
► as cool as a cucumber — дуже спокійний
► kick the bucket — протягнути ноги, померти
► Bob’s your uncle — Готово! Зроблено! Ось і все!
► heart in your mouth — нервувати, бути наляканим











































































































AT THE BANK



















The most interesting facts about Ukrainian Cossacks

The Cossacks are a separate and unique phenomenon not only in Ukrainian but in the world history as well. Nowhere in the world was there such a notion as “Sich.” Not without reason, along with the courage, strength, cunning, and intelligence of the Cossacks, there is often a drop of mysticism that makes them something more than just warriors.

How it all started

Eight centuries ago, Ukrainians were constantly attacked by neighbors, raided by nomads. Due to this Ukrainian men (who later were called Cossacks) rallied to protect their land and Zaporizka Sich was formed (it became the administrative center of the Cossacks).

Democratism, rigid hierarchy, and discipline were inherent to Cossacks for centuries. The highest authority in Sich was the council which chose the Hetman.

Origin of the Word “Cossack”

Some Polish researchers believed that it came from the name of a well-known leader, whose name was Kozak and who skillfully fought the Tatars; or that the name comes from the word "goat" because the Cossacks were very cunning and could get anywhere.

In Turkish "Cossack" meant "vagrant", "robber". It makes sense that the Turks gave the Cossacks the very nickname. Obviously, this nickname has caught on in Ukraine and over time completely lost its negative connotation.

Cossack food

Cossack food was very simple. Dinner consisted of two dishes. The first was called "salamakha", it resembled porridge made with fried flour, water, and salt. The second was called " teteria" and was a mixture of flour, grains, and millet. This dish has a thinner consistency than "salamakha" because Cossacks added fish broth to it.

The dishes were served in large pots called "vahanky. " The Cossacks never ate bread with their dinner because it was almost impossible to bake enough bread for so many people.

Cossack cauldron

Cossacks ate from one cauldron. It was regarded as a sacred object and a symbol of their military unit. The Cossacks’ riots began when they turned upside down their cauldrons. The cauldrons also symbolized the military unity of the “kurin” (Cossack hut).

Open doors

Cossacks had an interesting custom. Their huts were always open. A traveler or passerby could go into a hut, have a rest, eat a meal, and hit the road further. And he could do this even if the owner wasn’t at home.

However, there was a strict rule – he should take nothing from a hut, otherwise, there would be a punishment. And when someone founded a thing in Sich, he tied it to a high pole. If the owner was not found within three days, then the thing became the possession of the one who found it.

Mustache and chub (oseledets)

As for the specific mustache and chub (haircut that features a lock of hair sprouting from the top or the front of a shaven head) of the Ukrainian knights, it is said that the Cossacks inherited them from pagan ancestors. The tradition of shaving their heads and faces passed from local tribes to Kievan Rus, and so eventually came to the Cossacks.

Historians say that the ancient Slavonians did not have any God with a beard or long hair, and therefore such an image was long considered divine. Although, there is another legend that goes that the Cossacks considered themselves too sinful for paradise. That’s why, when they arrive in hell, God can have mercy on them and drag them out of hell by their chub.

And the Cossacks also said: "When I will die at war - an angel will carry me to the sky pulling my chub."

Society without police and prison

It might seem impossible but there was no police or law enforcement in the thousand people community, compared to all other major cities. The laws in Sich were harsh enough. For stealing something or killing one of the “brothers”, the Cossack paid with his life, and it was in a rather cruel form: he could be buried alive together with the dead, or was beaten with sticks, which often ended fatally. Yes, it can be said that it is not humane, but the discipline was excellent.

The chief person was the cook

At the beginning of Sich, “kashevar”, a cook was hetman. No wonder that he was called “Koshevyi Otaman.”

Until the middle of the seventeenth century “Koshevi Otamany” were often called hetmans.

Among Cossacksc, the power of hetman was limited by reporting, time and council of the Cossacks. Each hetman reported annually to the council on January 1st. If the Cossacks expressed dissatisfaction with his actions, hetman immediately threw his hat on the ground, put his stick on, bowed to Cossacks, thanked for the honor given to him during the year, and went to his hut.

The First Republic

Zaporizhzhya Sich is rightly called the First Democratic Union of the World. Considering that many people came here because of social injustice, this is not surprising. All questions regarding the life and activities of the Cossacks were decided by a vote on the councils.

It is believed that in peacetime the main entertainment of the Cossacks was drinking. Of course, they consumed strong drinks but they also enjoyed cultural activities: playing musical instruments, singing songs, dancing and organizing demonstration fights for fun. They also had a lot of household chores, because there were no women in Sich and they had to do all work themselves.

Sober army

In military campaigns, Cossacks were strictly forbidden to drink. Violation of this rule equated to treason and could be punished by death.

Age-old oak

It is said that a huge oak is still growing on the island Khortytsia. It is sung in Cossack songs and legends. Some of them tell that the Cossacks performed their rites under this tree before going to the battle. People say that this tree has been around for 700 years.

Mystic boats

Let's also mention the unique boat used by the Cossacks for military campaigns. As strange as it may sound but it can be called the "ancestor" of modern submarines. The boat consisted of two bottoms between which the cargo was placed to immerse the vessel in the water.

The Cossacks invisibly floated to the enemies. Before attacking, the cargo was thrown out and the boat suddenly came to the surface. Of course, this was a surprise to the enemy as no one expected the Cossacks army to emerge from the depths of the sea:)

The famous Cossack boats called inverted seagulls (they were not afraid of storms or enemy warships) were used with the same purpose. They were often flipped upside down to sneak up on the enemy.


















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LONDON
The Great Fire of London swept through the central parts of the English city from September 2-5, 1666. It gutted the medieval City of London inside the old Roman city wall. It consumed 13,200 houses, 87 churches, St Paul's Cathedral and most of the buildings of the City authorities. Only six deaths were recorded as a result of the blaze. 

The Great Fire started at the bakery of Thomas Farriner and spread rapidly west across the City of London. The battle to quench the fire is considered to have been won by two factors: the wind died down, and the Tower of London garrison created effective firebreaks to halt further spread eastward.

Order in the streets broke down as rumours arose of suspicious foreigners setting fires. Immigrant groups became victims of lynchings and street violence. Charles II feared a rebellion amongst the dispossessed refugees and strongly encouraged Londoners to resettle elsewhere after the fire.

  1. Where did the fire originate?

  2. In 1666, London was surrounded by  

  3. What helped putting down the fire?

  4. What did King Charles II tell residents to do once the fire was over?

  5. Who was supposed to be responsible for the fire?






Идиомы о любви на английском:
love is blind - любовь слепа
to love someone to bits - любить каждую частичку кого-либо
а love-nest - место, где живут влюблённые
to be lovey-dovey - пара, не скрывающая своих чувств
to get married - жениться, выйти замуж
to pop the question - сделать предложение
puppy love - детская, подростковая любовь
to steal someone’s heart - украсть чьё-то сердце
to be the one for someone - быть подходящим партнёром для кого-то
a match made in heaven - подходящая друг другу пара
the love of my life - любовь всей моей жизни
to fall in love head over hills - влюбиться по уши
to be hung up on someone - быть одержимым кем-либо
to have the hots for someone - считать кого-либо привлекательным
to have a soft spot for someone - иметь слабость к кому-либо
to have a crush on someone - сходить с ума по ком-то
to go steady - встречаться с кем-либо
to fancy someone - увлечься кем-либо
to hit it off with someone - ладить с кем-либо
to fall in love with someone - влюбиться в кого-либо

I Miss you Quotes: 30 Romantic Ways to Say I MISS YOU! in English

I Miss you Quotes: 30 Romantic Ways to Say I MISS YOU! in English


























What will the Earth be like in the future: the “hell” or the “paradise” ? Global warming: is it the beginning of the end? Endangered species: to be...


















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